Logical Fallacies

Logical Fallacies

• What is a Fallacy? A fallacy is an error in reasoning that weakens an argument. It can be unintentional or used intentionally to deceive.

• Types of Fallacies:

  • Formal Fallacies: These are errors in the logical structure of an argument. Even if the premises are true, the conclusion does not logically follow.

    • Example: Appeal to probability – Assuming something is true just because it might be possible.

  • Informal Fallacies: These are errors in reasoning due to the content or context of the argument.

    • Example: Burden of proof – Claiming something is true just because it hasn't been proven false.

• Common Examples:

  • Anecdotal Evidence Fallacy (Formal): Using personal experiences instead of logical evidence.

    • Example: "One client doubled conversions by changing text color, so it must work for everyone."

  • Argument by Repetition (Informal): Repeating an argument without providing new evidence.

    • Example: "This is wrong." "No, it isn't." "Yes, it is." (repeatedly without new support)